Как использовать cURL для отправки POST-запросов

???? ?? ???????????, ?????????? ? API, ?????? ?????????? POST-??????? ? ??????? cURL ???????????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????, ????????? ?????? ??? ????????????????? ? ????????? ????? ?? ?????????.

? ???? ????? ?? ???????, ??? ?????????? POST-??????? ? ??????? cURL, ??? ?????????? JSON, XML, ????? ? ?????? ????.

??? 1: ?????????? ?? cURL?

? ??????????? ?????? cURL ??? ??????????. ????? ????????? ???, ???????? ???????? ? ????????? ??????? ????:

curl --version

If it’s not installed, download it from curl.se. Windows users may need Git Bash or WSL to get the best results.

??? 2: ??????? POST-??????

??? ??????? ?????? POST-??????? ? ?????????????? cURL:

curl -X POST -d "Hello" https://example.com/api

-X POST = HTTP-?????
-d = ??????, ??????? ?? ??????????? ? ???? ???????

??? 3: ???????? ????????? Content-Type

????? ???????? ???????, ????? ?????? ?? ???????????, ??????????? ???????? ????????? Content-Type:

??? ???????? ??????:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: text/plain" -d "Hello" https://example.com/api

??? JSON:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"name":"Alice","age":30}' https://example.com/api

??????????? ????????? ??????? ??? JSON, ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??-?? ?????????? ??????? ???????.

??? 4: ???????? XML-??????

???? API ??????? XML:

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/xml" \
  -d '<?xml version="1.0"?><user><name>Alice</name></user>' \
  https://example.com/api

??? 5: ???????? ?????? ? `-F`

????? ????????? ????? (????????, ???????????, ????????? ??? ????):

curl -X POST -F "file=@/path/to/file.jpg" https://example.com/upload

???????? ?????????? ??????:

curl -X POST \
  -F "image1=@/path/to/one.jpg" \
  -F "image2=@/path/to/two.jpg" \
  https://example.com/upload

cURL ????????????? ???????????? multipart/form-data.

??? 6: ???????? ?????? ?????

??? ???????????? ???????? ???? (????????, ????? ? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????):

curl -X POST -d "username=test&password=1234" https://example.com/login

?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????? ? ?????????????? ??????? -d ??? ?????????? ?? ? ???? ??????.

??? 7: ???????? ??????? ??????????????

???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ??????????? -u:

curl -u username:password https://example.com/secure

??? ????????????? ????????? ????????? Authorisation ? ???????????? Base64.

????????????? cURL ? ????????????? ??????

???? ?? ?????????? ???-??????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????, ??????????? cURL ? ?????? ??? ???:

curl -x http://proxyuser:[email protected]:5959 \
  -X POST -d '{"action":"test"}' https://example.com/api

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cURL is a tool for developers, system administrators and testers. It’s fast and efficient — whether you are sending JSON, uploading files, or logging into protected endpoints.

Once you learn the basic flags (-X, -d, -H, -F, -u), you’ll be comfortable to create any kind of HTTP request in seconds.